Seasonal variability of temperature, salinity, and surface currents at 0° latitude section of Indonesia seas

The Indonesian Seas are strongly influenced by the circulation system between Pacific and Indian Ocean, which play an important role in global circulation. In this study, attempt is made to describe temperature, salinity, water column stability using data obtained from World Ocean Database (WOD), updated 2018 at 0° latitude. seasonal Temperature–Salinity (S-TS) were used justify water-mass types. of was analyzed based on Brunt–Väisälä Frequency (N2). transects measured with depth up 800 m 200 km width, encompassing Karimata Sea, Malaka Strait, Makassar Maluku Halmahera Ocean. Temperature salinity profile revealed that region Indonesia’s eastern waters found have a deeper mixed layer (∼150 m) compared western Indonesia (∼100 m). layers distinguishable other layers. T–S time diagram indicated presence six classes, including characteristic It also shows mass more affects seas Southeast Monsoon. A relatively low level distinguishes characteristics Strait seas. contrast, Oceans, hand, stable straits along equator (N2 20 cycle/h). Northwest Monsoon, temperature higher Southwest Analysis meridional ocean currents showed southward pattern except for ranges -1.5 1.5 m/s. condition most energetic current flows affect distribution surface water.